Memory Formation And Its Effects On The Nervous System

Memory formation takes place in the nervous system and these memories are mediated by gene expression where long-lasting changes take place between neurons in synaptic connections. In 1949, Hebb postulated, when two neurons are activated at the same time, strengthening of synaptic efficiency will result in the appropriate synapse (Lynch, 2004). Since then efforts have been channeled into understanding mechanisms responsible for synaptic strengthening refereed to as long-term potentiation (LTP), which has also been investigated for its link to memory formations and has become an emerging model for memory encoding. Several areas of the brain play a role in consolidation of learning and memory, however LTP is most easily demonstrated in the hippocampus, an area of the brain believed to serve as a holding store for memories (Abraham et al., 2002). Scoville and Milner (1957) reported, treating a patient (H.M) suffering from epilepsy and psychosis with bilateral hippocampal removal, resul ted in anterograde amnesia and a grave loss of recent memory (Lynch, 2004). Further studies showed repeated stimulation of hippocampal neurons induce prolonged increase of LTP (Frey and Morris, 1996), highlighting the importance of memory and the hippocampus. The three well-described characteristics of LTP are durability, associativity and co-operativity and input specificity (Lynch, 2004).These support LTP as a biological substrate for multiple forms of memory. The wider clinical implicationsShow MoreRelatedThe Genetic Bases Of Learning And Memory927 Words   |  4 Pagesgenetic bases of learning and memory. Learning and memory has played a huge evolutionary advantage to animals capable of effectively gathering information of their environment and able to remember and retrieve the information at a different time. 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